Age and Ageing, Vol 28, 463-468, Copyright © 1999 by British Geriatrics Society
P Mojon, E Budtz-Jorgensen and CH Rapin
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between oral health status and
nutritional deficiency. DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical study. SUBJECTS:
324 institutionalized frail older adults (mean age 85). MEASUREMENTS:
Structured oral examination including an evaluation of mucosa, periodontal
state, caries prevalence and denture quality. The nutritional status was
assessed using serum albumin concentration and the body mass index.
Physical dependence was assessed using the Barthel index. To identify oral
health disorders associated with markers of malnutrition we performed the
Pearson chi2 test separately for edentulous and dentate patients. Subjects
with at least one of the identified oral disorders were classified as
having compromised oral functional status. RESULTS: About two-thirds of the
subjects were functionally dependent and half had either a body mass index
<21 kg/m2 or serum albumin <33 g/l. Among the edentulous, wearing
dentures with defective bases or not wearing dentures at all were the
factors most associated with malnutrition. In dentate subjects,
corresponding identifiers were the number of occluding pairs of teeth (five
or fewer, either natural or prosthetic), the number of retained roots (four
or more), and the presence of mobile teeth. According to these criteria,
31% of the subjects had a compromised oral functional status. This was more
frequently found in dependent subjects (37%) than semi-dependent subjects
(18%; odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.8). Those with
compromised oral functional status had a significantly lower body mass
index and serum albumin concentration. CONCLUSION: Specific detrimental
oral conditions are associated with nutritional deficiency in very old
people.
ARTICLES
Relationship between oral health and nutrition in very old people
Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Philippe.Mojon@medecine.unige.ch
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