Age and Ageing, Vol 28, 513-518, Copyright © 1999 by British Geriatrics Society
AJ Campbell, MC Robertson, MM Gardner, RN Norton and DM Buchner
BACKGROUND: after 1 year, a home-based programme of strength and balance
retraining exercises was effective in reducing falls and injuries in women
aged 80 years and older. The exercise programme had been individually
prescribed by a physiotherapist during the first 2 months of a randomized
controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: we aimed to assess the effectiveness of the
programme over 2 years. SUBJECTS: women from both the control group and the
exercise group completing a 1-year trial (213 out of the original 233) were
invited to continue for a further year. METHODS: falls and compliance to
the exercise programme were monitored for 2 years. RESULTS: 81 (74%) in the
control group and 71 (69%) in the exercise group agreed to continue in the
study. After 2 years, the rate of falls remained significantly lower in the
exercise group than in the control group. The relative hazard for all falls
for the exercise group was 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.49-0.97). The
relative hazard for a fall resulting in a moderate or severe injury was
0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.42-0.95). Those complying with the exercise
programme at 2 years had a higher level of physical activity at baseline,
were more likely to have reported falling in the year before the study and
had remained more confident in the first year about not falling compared
with the rest of the exercise group. CONCLUSIONS: falls and injuries can be
reduced by an individually tailored exercise programme in the home. For
those who keep exercising, the benefit continues over a 2-year period.
ARTICLES
Falls prevention over 2 years: a randomized controlled trial in women 80 years and older
Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, Otago Medical School, New Zealand. john.campbell@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
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