Age and Ageing 2003; 32: 81-87
© 2003, British Geriatrics Society
Research paper |
Relationship between changes in depressive symptoms and unhealthy lifestyles in late middle aged and older persons: results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam
1 Department of Health Care Studies, Section Medical Sociology, Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
2 Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
3 Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4 The Maastricht Health Research Institute for Prevention and Care, Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Abstract
Background: depressed mood is common in late life, more prevalent among the chronically diseased than in the general population, and has various health-related consequences. So far, the association between depression and unhealthy lifestyles among chronically diseased has not been examined longitudinally in older persons.
Primary objective: to determine if depressed mood is associated with unhealthy lifestyles in late middle aged and older people, with or without chronic somatic diseases.
Methods: in a sample of 1,280 community-dwelling people from the Netherlands, the associations between depressive symptoms and lifestyle domains were analysed cross-sectionally and longitudinally – using logistic regression analyses and multivariate analyses of variance.
Results: after controlling for confounders, depressed people (n=176 at baseline) were more likely to be smokers (odds ratio 1.71; 95% confidence interval 1.17–2.52). A persistent depression was associated with an increase in cigarette consumption (P=0.036). Having an emerging depression (n=155) was most likely to co-occur with a person's change from being physically active to being sedentary (relative risk-ratio 1.62; 95% confidence interval 1.05–2.52), and was associated with the largest decrease in minutes of physical activity (P=0.038). This effect was not modified or confounded by chronic somatic disease. A persistent depression tended to be associated with incident excessive alcohol use (relative risk-ratio 4.04; 95% confidence interval 0.97–16.09; P=0.056).
Conclusions: depression is associated with smoking behaviour, and with an increase in cigarette consumption. An emerging depression is associated with becoming sedentary, irrespective of a person's disease status at baseline, and is associated with decrease in minutes of physical activity.
Keywords: depressive symptoms, lifestyle, chronic somatic disease, longitudinal studies
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