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Age and Ageing 2003; 32: 534-540
© 2003, British Geriatrics Society

Research Paper

Cross-national comparisons of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination-revised: the CAMCOG-R

Results from the European Harmonization Project for Instruments in Dementia

Frans R. J. Verhey1, Felicia A. Huppert2, Edith C. C. M. Korten1, Peter Houx1, Marjolein de Vugt1, Natasja van Lang1, Peter P. DeDeyn3, Jos Saerens3, Mirco Neri4, Luc de Vreese4, Jordi Peña-Casanova5, Peter Böhm5, Gabriela Stoppe6, Ulrich Fleischmann6, Anders Wallin7, Per Hellström7, Huub Middelkoop8, Ward Bollen8, Edwin L. Klinkenberg1, Mayke M. A. Derix1 and Jellemer Jolles1

1 Institute Brain and Behaviour, University Hospital of Maastricht, The Netherlands
2 Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
3 Department of Neurology, A. Z. Middelheim, Memory Clinic, Born-Bunge Foundation, University of Antwerp, Belgium
4 University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
5 Institut Municipal d’Assistencia Sanitaria (IMAS), Barcelona, Spain
6 Department of Psychiatry, Georg August Universitat, Göttingen, Germany
7 Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Mölndal Hospital, Sweden
8 Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, The Netherlands

Address correspondence to: Frans R. J. Verhey, PO Box 5800, University Hospital of Maastricht, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Fax: (+43) 387 5444. Email: f.verhey{at}np.unimaas.nl

Abstract

Background: transnational and psychometrically appropriate versions of instruments used in the diagnosis of dementia are essential for comparing information between different countries. The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly incorporates a brief neuropsychological test battery, Cambridge Cognitive Examination (recently revised version), which provides objective data on performance across a number of cognitive domains.

Objective: to harmonise the Cambridge Cognitive Examination between seven European countries.

Method: 40 patients with probable or possible Alzheimer’s disease of each of the seven countries were administered the Cambridge Cognitive Examination. The Nurse Observation Scale for Geriatrics was used to assess concordance between cognitive and behavioural measures.

Results: only small differences between the various Cambridge Cognitive Examination versions were found, and patterns of correlation between Cambridge Cognitive Examination and the Nurse Observation Scale for Geriatrics were consistent.

Conclusion: these findings indicate that the harmonisation of the Cambridge Cognitive Examination was successful.

Keywords: CAMCOG-R, CAMDEX, Alzheimer’s disease, transnational harmonisation, EURO-HARPID

Received January 15, 2002; Revision received February 13, 2003. accepted in revised form February 13, 2003.


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